Neutron Star-The Strange

   Hydrogen fusion is always happening in the star, fusing hydrogen nuclei gives helium and release energy and for this energy all stars are shining. When the fusion stops then the stellar evolution comes to an ends, and the star dies.
  When the stars die a low mass star ends as a white dwarf, a high mass star becomes black hole and in between white dwarf and black hole, a star dies as a new born Neutron star.
Neutron stars are primarily made by neutrals particle neutrons. Suppose a dying star is 1.5 times massive than sun and its gravity is so strong that compress electrons and protons to form neutrons and neutrinos. As Pauli exclusion principle the neutrinos dart off into space behind big sphere of neutrons and gravity continues to compress the neutrons together, but eventually hits a wall.
  Suppose a white dwarf has a mass of 1 solar mass now the mass increase to 1.4 solar masses then the gravity gets stronger white dwarf gets smaller. Gravity becomes strong enough to combine electrons and protons to make neutrons and neutrinos and the dead star becomes Neutron star from white dwarf this is called Chandrasekhar limit. Again the mass of Neutron star increase between 1.5 and 3 solar masses then the gravity becomes strong enough to breakdown the neutrons, and the Neutron star collapses into black hole this is called Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit.
  Typically a Neutron star has a radius of 10 km and the surface gravity is 200 billion times stronger than earth. Surface temperature of a Neutron star of around 600000 K and a mass between 1.4 and 3 solar masses. The magnetic field of a Neutron star are between 100 million and 1 quadrillion times strong than earth. It is so dense that one matchbox contains of neutron star material have a mass approximately 300 billion tons.

                                                           Pic courtesy: www.wikipedia.org
Spin of a new born Neutron star is 100 times per second and the magnetic field emits beams of electromagnetic radiation called Radio Pulsar it was first observed by Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell in 1967. The known fastest spinning Neutron star is  PSR J1748-2446ad, rotating at a rate of 716 times per second.
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